Analog circuits are essential to electronic systems due to their variety of critical functions. Catastrophic faults, such as short- and open-circuit faults, can stop the circuit from functioning.

Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, ...

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Universiti Tenega Nasional, Kajang, ...