The versatile phase-locked loop (PLL) allows multiplication of a reference frequency with an operating frequency that ranges from “DC to daylight.” A PLL is overkill for some applications, however, ...

In today’s modern world Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) design techniques are used for designing so that power, area and delay may be reduced. In this paper, designing of adder logic ...

This module covers the fundamental ideas underlying design of modern digital systems. This module explains the basis of circuit elements, how they are interconnected to form digital circuits and also ...