Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been explored as a treatment for a range of conditions, including epilepsy, cardiovascular disorders, drug-resistant depression, chronic pain, and obesity.

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

The long-term goal of a fully automated insulin delivery (AID) system that operates without user input to maintain glucose levels within target range remains a future aspiration and may never be fully ...