The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 3: Concept verification under practical conditions by a PEMWE fed with RO water at 60 °C (anode, Co–RuO 2; cathode, Pt/C).

Where, the sum of major cations and anions are expressed in mg/L. The reaction error for all surface water samples was within the acceptable limit of ±6%, thereby ...