The urinary system helps maintain the volume and chemical composition of fluids in the body. One of the main organs in the system are the kidneys, which filter waste products out of the body through ...

This study aimed to observe the effect of the location and severity of partial ureteral obstruction, based on ureteropelvic and ureterovesical junction strictures, on stone formation. Forty 8-week-old ...

Large language models (LLMs) show potential for medical education, but their domain-specific capabilities need systematic evaluation. This study presents a comparative assessment of thirteen LLMs in ...