Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) is an advanced spectroscopic method for multi-element detection at trace and ultra-trace levels. By directing a monochromatic X-ray beam at a sample ...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is a method that resolves molecular events specifically at or near the cell surface (see How It Works). Major microscope manufacturers, ...

Protein microarrays labelled with fluorophores constitute a versatile platform for high-throughput analysis of protein interactions, expression levels and post-translational modifications. In a ...

In recent years, Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy has become an important method for studying molecular interactions near the cell surface. To accommodate the trend of the ...