Viewing protein evolution through the lens of complex systems theory may offer new insights into the principles driving biological adaptation. In this Comment we explore how characteristics such as ...

Gene duplication is the primary mechanism by which new genes emerge. Models and empirical studies have shown that paralogous genes are maintained because of dosage benefits, the partitioning of ...

Researchers have created a method called optovolution that uses light to guide the evolution of proteins with dynamic behaviors. By engineering yeast cells so their survival depended on proteins ...

Scientists uncovered how whole-genome duplication emerges and remains stable over thousands of generations of evolution in the lab. Sometimes, the most significant scientific discoveries happen by ...