In phase 1, specific microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, colonize the surface of the plastic material. These microorganisms can either be present naturally in the environment or added ...

Every year, 400 million tons of plastic products are produced worldwide, half of which are single-use items discarded within a year. In particular, non-biodegradable plastic waste, which takes over ...

Structural features and tensile properties of the bark-PBS composite. a Photo of the crushed composite pellets showing small fragments of bark. b Dimensions of the dumbbell shape used in this study ...

The insatiable Pac Man and Ms. Pac Man, from the 1980s arcade games, provide an ideal vision for how natural microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi could degrade toxic pollutants, a process known ...